This post shares Chapter 11, “Juvenile Justice Law and Well-Being of Rescued Child Labourers,” from the edited volume Child Protection and Rights in India: COVID-19 Experiences (2023). The chapter examines juvenile justice processes and the lived experiences of rescued child labourers in India, with particular attention to rehabilitation, institutional responses, and children’s well-being within the child protection system.
To Search Is To Find
Sunday, January 25, 2026
Book Chapter - Juvenile Justice Law and Well-Being of Rescued Child Labourers
Monday, March 11, 2024
Hunger and malnutrition: Why is India in denial?
https://healthonair.in/columns/hunger-and-malnourishment-why-is-india-in-denial/
As per the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number two – ‘zero hunger’ – all forms of hunger and malnutrition in the world should end by 2030 so that no one suffers from ill health due to insufficient nutrition. The goal also requires addressing different forms of hunger and malnutrition, such as stunting and wasting among under-5 children, as well as anemia in adolescent girls, pregnant, and lactating women, and older persons, with a strong focus on improving their nutrition levels significantly by 2025. Stunting occurs when a child is too short for their age due to chronic malnutrition while wasting indicates low weight for their height, typically caused by acute malnutrition.
A key tool for measuring progress toward these goals is the Global Hunger Index (GHI) Report. Released recently, it revealed that India has the highest rate of child wasting globally, at 18.7 percent. It ranked India at 111th place out of 125 countries. However, India’s reaction to the report was characterized by denial and indifference. Minister of Women and Child Development of India, Smriti Irani, ridiculed and dismissed the report by calling its methodology “flawed”. What was never discussed by the government, however, was that if there was indeed no hunger or deprivation among people of this country, then why extend the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY) for a period of five years with effect from 1st January, 2024?
The PMGKAY aims to provide free food to 81.35 crore people, which is more than half of the Indian population. Interestingly, this free provisioning of food for the next five years is not being presented as an acceptance of criticism of the government’s welfare schemes, but as a display of ‘sensitivity’ of the political leadership.
More recently, Minister of State for Health SP Singh Baghel said on the floor of the Parliament that not a single hunger-related death has occurred in the country in the last ten years. On another occasion, a minister from the Hemant Soren-led government in Jharkhand made a statement in the state assembly that there have been no starvation deaths in the state. Just within a matter of a few months of that statement in 2021, the Jharkhand High Court took suo moto cognizance of three alleged starvation deathsin the same family after the media reported the news. Following a court-mandated investigation by the Jharkhand State Legal Services Authority, it was revealed that individuals had to trek eight kilometres to obtain rations, while access to clean water and healthcare services remained scarce and challenging. The HC held up the state government for running welfare services ‘on paper’ and condemned starvation deaths as a matter of shame. Similarly, starvation deaths have recently been reported in various other states such as Odisha, and West Bengal among others.
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare’s own NFHS-V data also points in the direction of overall poor nutritional indicators. For instance, it shows a dramatic rise in the number of children suffering from anemia when compared to data from NFHS-IV. More specifically, anemia has risen not just in children below six years of age, it has also increased among adolescent girls and boys, among women who are pregnant, and those in the age group of 15-49 years. Almost half of our population is anemic which is a matter of grave concern. Moreover, the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls (59.1 percent) inevitably contributes to anemia among new mothers. This, in turn, serves as a contributing factor to anemia among newborns, maternal and infant mortality rates, and overall community morbidity due to iron deficiency. Unfortunately, the government will not be collecting data on prevalence of anemia in the sixth round of NFHS. Further, a more careful analysis of the NFHS-V data shows that stunting and severe wasting of under-5 children has actually increased in 11 and 13 out of 17 states respectively. The proportion of children who are underweight has also increased in 11 out of 17 states.
Following the GHI controversy, the Ministry of Women and Child Development issued a press release attributing the poor ranking to ‘malafide intent.’ The release spoke at length about India’s present nutrition-related programs – the Mission Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0, the Poshan Tracker, Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyaan Anna Yojana and Antyodaya Anna Yojna etc. – and how India runs the world’s largest food security program and so on.
However, many public health and nutrition experts have already pointed out that irrespective of the size of the Indian food security programme, its basic flaws must be acknowledged and considered seriously if it is going to be implemented effectively and sustainably. First, the PDS system largely covers the poor and vulnerable population based on the outdated 2011 Census so a large number of households has been missed. The number of people who have increased within the existing households is still not officially counted as ‘beneficiaries’ yet. Besides, not all beneficiaries have a ration and/or aadhar card to be able to freely access the PDS. Secondly, our granaries overflow with food grains, they rot, get damaged in transit, and get exported but the intended beneficiaries from the poor and vulnerable sections of the population are unable to access and consume ration from the PDS conveniently, particularly women and girl children due to social and gender inequalities.
Adding nutritionally rich fruits and vegetables to the PDS system is also challenging due to storage issues for instance. Incorporating eggs in to midday meals has been a long-standing point of contention due to concerns about hurting religious sentiments. Only some states have been able to introduce daily eggintake for their high protein and vitamin content.
Moreover, the cereals provided within the PDS are usually wheat and rice, which are heavy on carbohydrate content. Focusing just on increasing and ensuring calorie intake will not make up for the other long-term nutritional deficiencies experienced by people. To cover up for this lacuna, nutritionally rich coarse grains (millets) have also been added to the PDS food basket by some states, and doing that has thrown its own set of challenges. In states where millets are included in the PDS, only a limited number of varieties are promoted for cultivation. This contrasts with the increasing prices of other millet species in urban markets, making them expensive even for city dwellers. Additionally, popular millet types like bajra, jowar, and ragiare being prioritized as major cash crops for export, which further limits their availability for domestic consumption.
The recent claims by Niti Aayog regarding poverty reduction just before elections seem to gloss over the persistent issues of chronic hunger and malnutrition in India. While Niti Aayog asserts significant poverty reduction and promising progress towards meeting SDG goal one (‘no poverty’) before time, experts have raised valid concerns about the accuracy of these claims. To address the persistent issues of hunger and malnutrition – which is SGD goal two, and is closely related with SDG goal one – we need to acknowledge their existence and interlinkages first. Unfortunately, what we often observe instead is a troubling silence and denial regarding these problems.
Wednesday, August 03, 2022
Reflections
Dear Diary,
I was re-reading an earlier entry where I have been able to perceive the goodness of a new workplace so quickly whereas the hard-hitting, complicated, 'grey stuff' that people's personalities (including my own) are made of came out through the following months of close engagement. Quite amazingly, I seemed to know even then that this could be 'the perfect honeymoon phase' and that it could get over soon (and it did!) leaving behind a list of learnings from the overall experience. What's more interesting for me is that as I look back I realise how a human mind or human condition is wired quite predictably for most of the people I know. Most of us tend to choose fear over love by default, and most of us forget to forgive and love ourseleves before we think we can forgive others... Anyway, a lot has happened since we parted ways. A lot of water has flown under the bridge and it's time to now share some good news and move forward, slowly but surely.
I changed my kid's school (yayie :) ) from a mainstream one to an alternative one. This was a very important and sensitive decision that I was able to take thanks to the exposure that good friends and the media have afforded me in today's day and age. This is not to say that one is less grateful to my kid's last school that unwittingly taught us lessons for life and some people there have been exceptioanlly kind to us also, but the new school has a far better teacher:student ratio. That is the need of the hour for my child and any other small child also for that matter.
As this change begins to settle in all its dimensions, I feel that small children generally deserve more considered time of all the elders in their lives especially from the parents and teachers, and especially when they are beginning to comprehend the world that they are born in. Not only my child and I are able to spend more quality time with each other now, we have both graduated into developing a more solid understanding of each other in the last ten days.
In other words, we seem to have freed ourselves from the pressures of rote learning and coming first (in grade one!)... We have done ourselves a favour and freed ourselevs from mugging up words and re-producing them in impeccable handwriting at breakneck speed in the class room. My child doesn't have a great handwriting right now, and it's ok because he is too small for that kind of pressure but his grades and class work speed both have improved dramatically in the recent past (in his earlier school). Despite prioritising rote learning over everything else that a balanced childhod should be made of, I felt his academic progress was not emphasised or lauded as much in class. He was often made to feel 'lacking' something, in one way or another, through the complaints of his teachers in his notebooks - always looking for a 'perfectly completed CW' but not actually knowing how to really help each child with conceptual clarity (perhaps because they are so many children per teacher among other reasons). So at the end of a hard day, neither my child nor I felt fulfilled or happy irrespective of the long man hours going into study-time. My effort at home with say trying to teach him maths through concrete examples was being mis-matched at school through a hurried approach considering there is the huge syllabus to be covered and the pressure on everyone involved in this kind of a mainstream educational system.
But now, by God's kind grace, at least all this pressure has been lifted off. We can finally breathe better through the day, pace it slowly and don't need to prioritise memorizing lessons over play time and nap time, especially during 'examinations' and pre-pre-tests before that. I am a product of that system and I remember now how I sufferred through it for some pieces of medals that just hang in some dark corner of my cupboard today. But our parents had no alternatives that were easily available to them so I thank them with all my heart for bringing us up the way they did. It is only through that lens that today I was able to decide what will be a more suitable exposure for my child, more suitable for his age and need. I feel bad for my other co-parents who feel these observations are 'not valid' or I am being 'extra sensitive' as most people choose the convenient, mainstream path. Some of these parents also believe that they are not doing enough, or they are a 'bad parent' so they would rather hire private tutors in primary school than think that something is wrong with the fundamental way we approach educating our children. I am not surprised why such young children crumble under this kind of a performance pressure these days, and we know from media reports the extreme and unfortunate ways in which they do. Parents also feel the heat of experiences of children at school, from mild to extreme in nature.
For now I believe that as a parent, this is yet another honeymoon period ( :) ) that we are going through here at the new school. That we must continue to engage with this alternative educational model as well in every detail so that we can maximise our holistic learning experiences here irrespective of the imperfections of the human nature, including our own.
Wednesday, October 21, 2020
Here is to provocation!
Sunday, September 13, 2020
Reflections
It is amazing how I stopped sharing my journey here, for so many years altogether... Last time I wrote here was in August 2019, which is roughly around the same time as this year. Back then, I was researching topics under the broad rubric of public health for a media channel whose politics was progressive, even radical at times, and to that extent, liberating. The channel ran into a deep financial crisis and many people had to look for other options, including me.
Coming back from the hiatus, this break from the writing scene was not just at an academic level, it seems like the gap allowed me to get overwhelmed by a personal journey of health-seeking and soul searching about the important things of life. I have taken a good amount of time to reflect and now want to start this conversation here.
Cheers to the possibilities!
:)
Saturday, August 03, 2019
Here Comes The Good Old 1990s
The day when the children are trying to appease their parents, particularly their mother, the boys draw out a detailed list of all the exhausting chores that she uncomplainingly and unfailingly performs every day, and, yet, when it comes to choosing a role model, somehow, only the father-figure appears to be in the race for ‘coolness’
The 1990s was a time when siblings still played with each other and not with smart phones. Parents still sat together, leisurely chatting over a cup of tea with sweet ghazals playing on a tape recorder; something that reminds me of the low-key evenings at JNU dhabas where students could share a warm human vibe over tea, including informed agreements and disagreements
Wednesday, March 12, 2014
Press release on 'bal sunwai' (public hearing by children) on Right to Education Act on 26 December 2013
Wednesday, April 03, 2013
Sunday, December 30, 2012
Silent peace march from Mandi House to Jantar Mantar
| Photos credit Rahul |
Friday, December 28, 2012
Angels all the way!
| ...Sylvester with social activist Aruna Roy. |
| Angels participating in a three-day Tap (ideal dietary system)-Seva (sharing)-Sumiran (meditation) residential camp at Badari Narayan Sevagram, Meerut from 23-25 December 2012. Some moments. |
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| (Photo credit: Pravin) |






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